Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) - Macau (2002)

Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) z Macau (2002)

	French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002)	Macau (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439) 15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	rice, vegetables
Airports	none (2001)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 7,829 sq km land: 7,829 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Birth rate	-	12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $1.15 billion expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)
Climate	antarctic	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	1,232 km	41 km
Constitution	-	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	-	pataca (MOP)
Death rate	-	3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$1.5 billion (1998)
Dependency status	overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Francois GARDE (since 24 May 2000), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA)	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of France)	the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of France)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	"Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.	Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry.
Electricity - consumption	-	1.476 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	1 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	175 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	1.4 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	-	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates	-	patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
Exports	-	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	-	clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras
Exports - partners	-	US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of France is used	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	0.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	43 00 S, 67 00 E	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	-	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000)
Imports - commodities	-	clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock
Imports - partners	-	China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000)
Independence	-	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	-	4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	-2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	-	CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	-	218,000 (2001)
Labor force - by occupation	-	restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
Languages	-	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 81.78 years male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.)
Location	south of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Antarctic Region	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM from Iles Kerguelen only territorial sea: 12 NM	not specified
Merchant marine	total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,815,472 GRT/4,806,161 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 5, chemical tanker 13, container 11, liquefied gas 7, petroleum tanker 19, roll on/roll off 11 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2, France 62, Japan 3, Monaco 1, Norway 5, Sweden 1 (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.)
National holiday	-	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	-	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes	typhoons
Natural resources	fish, crayfish	NEGL
Net migration rate	-	9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population	no indigenous inhabitants (July 2002 est.) note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January)	461,833 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	1.75% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	160,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	-	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	-	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	176,902 (November 2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	158,251 (November 2001)
Television broadcast stations	-	0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Terrain	volcanic	generally flat
Total fertility rate	-	1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	6.5% (2001 est.)
Waterways	none	none

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